This study explored Saudi Arabia’s legal frameworks governing soil conservation and sustainable development. A qualitative legal analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of these legislative provisions and the challenges hindering their practical implementation. The research identified key legislative instruments, notably the Executive Regulations for Preventing and Curing Contamination of the Soil, which outline essential provisions and implementation requirements. The analysis indicated that Saudi legislative frameworks align with international standards regarding both general and site-specific environmental concerns. However, discrepancies were observed between legislative provisions and actual practice, particularly in terms of supervision and enforcement. Interventions to increase awareness of legal penalties is recommended, improving transparency in pollution-related information, and developing institutional coordination and collaborations. The study suggested that continuous legal review. Also, participatory approaches may improve the effectiveness of soil conservation efforts. It contributes to environmental legislation by an initial examination of Saudi Arabia’s legal framework to conserve soil and its broader roles in sustainable development.