This study investigates the evolution of legal reforms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and their implications for women’s employment rights from the early 2000s to the 2020s. It situates these developments within the wider framework of the Vision 2030 economic and social transformation agenda, while systematically outlining key legislative and administrative adjustments. In addition, the analysis measures the effects of these reforms on female labour force participation and employment patterns, alongside examining the enduring obstacles that continue to limit women’s full economic integration. The paper contends that although these legal changes have significantly enhanced women’s inclusion in the workforce, deficiencies persist in terms of enforcement mechanisms, legal safeguards, and the elimination of deep-rooted structural barriers. Accordingly, it advances policy-oriented recommendations aimed at reinforcing existing progress and ensuring sustained, inclusive participation of Saudi women in the labour market.