Fulfilment of Human Rights in The Past of Gross Human Rights Violations (Study of Inpres No. 2 of 2023 In Indonesia)

Abstract

Presidential Decree (Keppres) No. 17 of 2022 has initiated a significant step towards addressing historical human rights violations in Indonesia. This decree establishes a Non-Judicial Resolution Team dedicated to this purpose. This Presidential Decree created the PPHAM Team, which was responsible for addressing serious human rights violations in the past. As a result of the team's efforts, the State officially acknowledged 12 instances of human rights violations until the emergence of Presidential Instruction (Inpres) No. 2 of the year. Regarding the Implementation of Recommendations for Non-Judicial Resolution of Serious Human Rights Violations in 2023. This article seeks to delve deeper into the examination of the Presidential Instruction within the realm of human rights theory. This research uses a descriptive normative approach, with the object of the research being Presidential Instruction No. 2 of 2023. The results of the research show that Presidential Instruction No. 2 of 2023 has fulfilled the principle of fulfilling human rights in past serious human rights violations in line with international human rights regulations, considering that there are principles that cover all aspects and important dimensions and mechanisms for resolving human rights violations, with four important pillars, namely: a) the right to justice; b) the right to truth (right to truth); c) the right to reparation (right to reparation); and d) guarantee of non-recurrence. Presidential Decree No. 17 of 2022 and Presidential Instruction No. 2 of 2023 are seen as significant milestones in addressing historical human rights abuses by certain groups. However, this regulation is perceived as lacking in its ability to address public inquiries. One aspect to consider is the acknowledgment of human rights violations during the 1965–1966 incident. There has been ongoing debate regarding the identification of the victim and perpetrator in this event.